Fw: [BITES-L] bites Sep. 8/10 -- II
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Date: Wed, 8 Sep 2010 07:49:03 -0500
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Subject: [BITES-L] bites Sep. 8/10 -- II
bites Sep. 8/10 -- II
US: Survivors of foodborne illness to demand action on bill
NEW YORK: State denies fault in Seneca Lake sprayground case
MINNESOTA: Gaylord farmer says his raw milk sanitary, safe
CANADIAN Food Inspection Agency seeks comments on regulatory proposal for imported food sector
Effect of temperature and time of storage on protein stability and anti-Salmonella activity of egg white
Qualitative map of Salmonella contamination on young chicken carcasses
Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella species in retail meat products
Development and validation of a predictive model for foodborne pathogens in ready-to-eat pork as a function of temperature and a mixture of potassium lactate and sodium diacetate
Occurrence and antibiotic resistance of coliform bacteria and antimicrobial residues in pasteurized cow's milk from Brazil
Non-O157 shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in foods
Outbreaks where food workers have been implicated in the spread of foodborne disease. Part 8. Gloves as barriers to prevent contamination of food by workers
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US: Survivors of foodborne illness to demand action on bill
08.sep.10
CNN
http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/09/08/food.safety.bill/
After the recall of more than 500 million eggs from a salmonella outbreak this summer, food safety advocates and survivors of foodborne illness will call for the U.S. Senate to pass a bill that has been in limbo since last year.
The groups will release a report Wednesday afternoon detailing the food recalls that have occurred since the U.S. House of Representatives passed Food and Drug Administration reform legislation in July 2009.
Since then, the bill has been awaiting action in the Senate.
Advocacy groups and survivors will call on the Senate to pass the bill (S. 510) when the Senate reconvenes.
NEW YORK: State denies fault in Seneca Lake sprayground case
08.sep.10
Democrat and Chronicle
Chris Swingle
http://www.democratandchronicle.com/article/20100908/NEWS01/9080337/1002/NEWS
Five years after more than 4,000 people allegedly were sickened by a parasite in the recycled water at Seneca Lake State Park's sprayground in Geneva, the state has countered a class-action lawsuit by saying the state park wasn't at fault.
Lawyers for the sickened people seek unspecified damages, alleging negligence in designing, building and operating the filtration system for the 100-plus jets that spray water.
The case was one of the largest outbreaks of waterborne illness nationwide in at least a decade.
Court filings Thursday by the state attorney general's office, representing the state Department of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, assert that the sprayground was consistent with industry standards and used the same chlorine filtration system as all other spraygrounds in the state in August 2005. The court papers state that multiple safety practices were followed.
When illnesses were reported, state health officials found cryptosporidium in the spray park's water tanks and closed the park in mid-August 2005. The state Department of Health concluded that one or more visitors with gastrointestinal illnesses called cryptosporidiosis passed the microscopic crypto parasite into the sprayground's revolving water system through a diarrhea bowel movement. The parasite, which is resistant to chlorine-based disinfectants, likely infected other visitors when water sprayed into their mouths. The infections led to diarrhea, nausea, fever and headache.
The state said in court papers that crypto contamination "can and has occurred in recreational water facilities that are state-of-the-art, that are well-run and even in those that have installed a ultraviolet light (UV) disinfectant treatment system."
MINNESOTA: Gaylord farmer says his raw milk sanitary, safe
07.sep.10
Star Tribune
Mike Hughlett
http://www.startribune.com/local/102399924.html
GAYLORD, MINN. -- The rebel Minnesota dairy farmer at the heart of an E. coli outbreak linked to raw milk -- a controversial beverage that has sparked a nationwide food safety debate -- got his day in court Tuesday and defended the sanitation of his farm.
Mike Hartmann took the stand in Sibley County court in a fight with state regulators over several hundred tubs of milk, ice cream and other foods essentially impounded in June after the E. coli outbreak sickened eight people and sent several to the hospital.
Hartmann wants the food back, while the state alleges that his dairy operation was unsanitary and that therefore the food is adulterated and should be destroyed. Hartmann has also filed a counterclaim against the state, saying it has violated his constitutional right to sell his wares and asking for compensatory damages.
Hartmann said in court Tuesday he knew something was amiss on a day in late May when seven or eight squad cars pulled up at his farm and a sheriff served him with a search warrant.
He said he asked what potential crime had been committed at the Gibbon dairy operation, but the sheriff didn't know. Neither did two state inspectors accompanying the sheriff, he said. The descent on the Hartmann farm occurred after state health and food regulators had linked the E. coli outbreak to raw milk, which isn't pasteurized to kill pathogens like E. coli O157:H7.
CANADIAN Food Inspection Agency seeks comments on regulatory proposal for imported food sector
07.sep.10
CFIA
http://www.marketwire.com/press-release/Canadian-Food-Inspection-Agency-Seeks-Comments-on-Regulatory-Proposal-Imported-Food-1314891.htm
OTTAWA, ONTARIO -- The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is seeking input from stakeholders and the Canadian public on the proposed principles that will guide the development of new regulations for certain imported food products. This would include enhanced food safety requirements as well as an importer licensing initiative.
The consultation, which is available on the CFIA website and open for comments until October 4, 2010, is intended to assist in the development of the proposed regulations. The CFIA also wants to hear from stakeholders and the Canadian public at information and consultation sessions that will be taking place in Ottawa, Montreal, Halifax, Toronto and Vancouver.
The CFIA is proposing to add new regulations under the Canada Agricultural Products Act. The new regulations are intended to:
* strengthen the accountability of importers for the safety of food products,
* enhance the CFIA's ability to communicate important food safety information, and
* increase consumer confidence in the safety of Canada's food supply.
The CFIA recognizes that the majority of today's food manufacturers, processors, distributors, and importers provide Canadians with safe food. At the same time, there is a need to modernize and sharpen the focus of government inspection to protect Canadians. While our current food safety system has served us well, we must continue to seek ways of improving our system to better respond to risks in this complex global marketplace.
The CFIA will continue to update Canadians on these regulatory efforts once the consultation period has concluded. Please visit the CFIA website for more information and to register for one of the face-to-face information and consultation sessions.
Effect of temperature and time of storage on protein stability and anti-Salmonella activity of egg white
08.sep.10
Journal of Food Protection®, Volume 73, Number 9, September 2010 , pp. 1604-1612(9)
Rehault-Godbert, Sophie; Baron, Florence; Mignon-Grasteau, Sandrine; Labas, Valerie; Gautier, Michel; Hincke, Maxwell T.; Nys, Yves
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iafp/jfp/2010/00000073/00000009/art00002
Abstract:
Hen egg white contains numerous molecules of interest for human health, including antimicrobial proteins. Little information is available concerning changes in the antimicrobial activity of egg white during storage; therefore, we analyzed the potential of egg white to inhibit growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis following storage at 4, 20, or 37°C for 30 days prior to inoculation. Egg white displayed higher anti-Salmonella activity after a few days of storage at 20 and 37°C. The rate of increase in activity was more rapid and pronounced at the higher temperature. However, egg white stored at 20°C retained higher antimicrobial activity than that of egg white stored at 4 or 37°C, when the entire storage period is taken in consideration. In contrast, storage of egg at 37°C for more than 14 days reduced the bacteriostatic potential of egg white. Statistical analyses revealed a correlation between pH and the antimicrobial activity of egg white. Moreover, diminished antimicrobial activity was associated with degradation of ovalbumin and ovotransferrin, as assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. However, the fluctuation in anti-Salmonella activity of egg white could not be related to any variation of trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like, or gelatinolytic activities that potentially account for degradation of antimicrobial egg white proteins.
Qualitative map of Salmonella contamination on young chicken carcasses
08.sep.10
Journal of Food Protection®, Volume 73, Number 9, September 2010 , pp. 1596-1603(8)
Oscar, T.P.; Rutto, G.K.; Ludwig, J.B.; Parveen, S
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iafp/jfp/2010/00000073/00000009/art00001
Abstract:
Salmonella contamination of poultry is a global public health problem. The objective of this study was to map the distribution of Salmonella on the young chicken carcass, to improve poultry inspection and food safety. Young chickens (n = 70) in the Cornish game hen class were obtained at retail over a 3-year period. Carcasses were aseptically sectioned into 12 parts, and then Salmonella was isolated from whole-part incubations by conventional culture methods. Isolates were characterized for serotype and antibiotic resistance, and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Salmonella incidence was 21.5% (181 of 840) for parts and 57.1% (40 of 70) for carcasses. The number of contaminated parts per carcass ranged from 0 to 12, with a mean of 4.5 among contaminated carcasses. Chi-square analysis indicated that Salmonella incidence differed (P < 0.05) among parts, with rib back (38.6%) and sacral back (34.3%) being the most contaminated. Among the 40 contaminated carcasses, there were 37 different patterns of contamination among parts. Of the 33 carcasses with more than one contaminated part, 12.1% contained two serotypes, 33.3% contained two or more antibiotic resistance profiles, and 100% contained two or more PFGE patterns. The most common serotype was Typhimurium (94.5%), and most (97.2%) isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. These results indicated a diverse pattern of Salmonella contamination among carcasses and that multiple subtypes of Salmonella were often present on contaminated carcasses. Thus, whole-carcass incubation succeeded by characterization of multiple isolates per carcass is needed to properly assess and manage this risk to public health.
Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella species in retail meat products
08.sep.10
Journal of Food Protection®, Volume 73, Number 9, September 2010 , pp. 1613-1617(5)
Arslan, Seza; Eyi, Ayla
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iafp/jfp/2010/00000073/00000009/art00003
Abstract:
In the present study, a total of 225 retail meat products (poultry meat, ground beef, and beef samples) were tested for the prevalence of Salmonella. Of these, 50 (22.2%) were positive for Salmonella. Overall, the pathogen was detected in 22 (29.3%) samples of poultry meat (n = 75), 16 (21.3%) samples of ground beef (n = 75), and 12 (16%) samples of beef (n = 75). The most common isolate was Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (9.8%), followed by S. bongori species (8.9%) and S. enterica subsp. diarizonae (3.5%). The Salmonella strains isolated were also examined for antimicrobial resistance patterns and production of β-lactamase enzyme. The resistance levels of the isolates against 14 different antimicrobial agents were tested by the disk diffusion method. None of the strains exhibited resistance to cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, or levofloxacin. However, the highest resistance rates in the meat isolates were 64% each for ampicillin and cephazolin and 56% for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. A total of 62% of the 50 Salmonella strains were multiresistant to three or more antimicrobial agents. The exhibited multiple resistance to four or more antimicrobial drugs was 32%. Furthermore, none of the isolates had β-lactamase enzyme activity.
Development and validation of a predictive model for foodborne pathogens in ready-to-eat pork as a function of temperature and a mixture of potassium lactate and sodium diacetate
08.sep.10
Journal of Food Protection®, Volume 73, Number 9, September 2010 , pp. 1626-1632(7)
Min, K.J.; Yoon, K.S.
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iafp/jfp/2010/00000073/00000009/art00005
Abstract:
We developed and validated secondary models that can predict growth parameters of Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus in cooked-pressed ready-to-eat (RTE) pork as a function of concentrations (0 to 3%) of a commercial potassium lactate and sodium diacetate mixture (PL+SDA) and temperature (10 to 30°C). The primary growth data were fitted to a Gompertz equation to determine the lag time (LT) and growth rate (GR). At 10°C, the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium and S. aureus in cooked-pressed RTE pork containing 2% and 3% PL+SDA was completely inhibited. The effects of temperature and concentration of PL+SDA on the growth kinetics of Salmonella Typhimurium and S. aureus in cooked-pressed RTE pork were modeled by response surface analysis using polynomial models of the natural logarithm transformation of both LT and GR. Model performance was also evaluated by use of the prediction bias (Bf) and accuracy (Af) factors, median relative error, and mean absolute relative error, as well as the acceptable prediction zone method. The results showed that LT and GR models of Salmonella Typhimurium and S. aureus in cooked-pressed RTE pork are acceptable models. Thus, both the LT and GR growth models developed herein can be used for the development of tertiary models for Salmonella Typhimurium and S. aureus in cooked-pressed RTE pork in the matrix of conditions described in the present study.
Occurrence and antibiotic resistance of coliform bacteria and antimicrobial residues in pasteurized cow's milk from Brazil
08.sep.10
Journal of Food Protection®, Volume 73, Number 9, September 2010 , pp. 1684-1687(4)
Zanella, G.N.; Mikcha, J.M.G.; Bando, E.; Siqueira, V.L.D.; Machinski, M.
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iafp/jfp/2010/00000073/00000009/art00013
Abstract:
In this study we examined the hygienic and sanitary quality of pasteurized cow's milk in the state of Paraná, Brazil, by determining the presence of coliforms and occurrence of antimicrobial residues. A total of 260 milk samples were collected from commercial establishments in different regions of the state. Coliform populations were estimated by the multiple-tube test, and antimicrobial residues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall, 105 samples (40.4%) were unsuitable for consumption according to Brazilian legal standards. Among the coliforms, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were respectively identified in 77.05 and 36.07% of the samples. The highest rates of resistance to antimicrobial agents were observed for ampicillin (19.2%), cephalothin (18.9%), and tetracycline (17.1%). Antimicrobial residues were detected in 80 samples (30.8%). Forty-eight samples (18.5%) were positive for tetracycline, 29 (17.4%) for neomycin, 9 (3.5%) for beta-lactams, 6 (2.3%) for gentamicin, 4 (1.5%) for chloramphenicol, and 1 (0.4%) for streptomycin-dihydrostreptomycin. The results demonstrate a high prevalence of coliforms and also a high occurrence of antimicrobial residues in pasteurized cow's milk from Paraná, Brazil.
Non-O157 shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in foods
08.sep.10
Journal of Food Protection®, Volume 73, Number 9, September 2010 , pp. 1721-1736(16)
Mathusa, Emily C.; Chen, Yuhuan; Enache, Elena; Hontz, Lloyd
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iafp/jfp/2010/00000073/00000009/art00020
Abstract:
Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains have been linked to outbreaks and sporadic cases of illness worldwide. Illnesses linked to STEC serotypes other than O157:H7 appear to be on the rise in the United States and worldwide, indicating that some of these organisms may be emerging pathogens. As more laboratories are testing for these organisms in clinical samples, more cases are uncovered. Some cases of non-O157 STEC illness appear to be as severe as cases associated with O157, although in general cases attributed to non-O157 are less severe. There is much variation in virulence potential within STEC serotypes, and many may not be pathogenic. Of more than 400 serotypes isolated, fewer than 10 serotypes cause the majority of STEC-related human illnesses. Various virulence factors are involved in non-O157 STEC pathogenicity; the combined presence of both eae and stx genes has been associated with enhanced virulence. A scientific definition of a pathogenic STEC has not yet been accepted. Several laboratories have attempted to develop detection and identification methods, and although substantial progress has been made, a practical method of STEC detection has yet to be validated. Worldwide, foods associated with non-O157 STEC illness include sausage, ice cream, milk, and lettuce, among others. Results from several studies suggest that control measures for O157 may be effective for non-O157 STEC. More research is needed to uncover unique characteristics and resistances of non-O157 STEC strains if they exist. The public health significance of non-O157 STEC and the implications for industry practices and regulatory actions are discussed.
Outbreaks where food workers have been implicated in the spread of foodborne disease. Part 8. Gloves as barriers to prevent contamination of food by workers
08.sep.10
Journal of Food Protection®, Volume 73, Number 9, September 2010 , pp. 1762-1773(12)
Todd, Ewen C.D.1; Michaels, Barry S.2; Greig, Judy D.3; Smith, Debra4; Bartleson, Charles A
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iafp/jfp/2010/00000073/00000009/art00022
Abstract:
The role played by food workers and other individuals in the contamination of food has been identified as an important contributing factor leading to foodborne outbreaks. To prevent direct bare hand contact with food and food surfaces, many jurisdictions have made glove use compulsory for food production and preparation. When properly used, gloves can substantially reduce opportunities for food contamination. However, gloves have limitations and may become a source of contamination if they are punctured or improperly used. Experiments conducted in clinical and dental settings have revealed pinhole leaks in gloves. Although such loss of glove integrity can lead to contamination of foods and surfaces, in the food industry improper use of gloves is more likely than leakage to lead to food contamination and outbreaks. Wearing jewelry (e.g., rings) and artificial nails is discouraged because these items can puncture gloves and allow accumulation of microbial populations under them. Occlusion of the skin during long-term glove use in food operations creates the warm, moist conditions necessary for microbial proliferation and can increase pathogen transfer onto foods through leaks or exposed skin or during glove removal. The most important issue is that glove use can create a false sense of security, resulting in more high-risk behaviors that can lead to cross-contamination when employees are not adequately trained.
bites is produced by Dr. Douglas Powell and food safety friends at Kansas State University. For further information, please contact dpowell@ksu.edu or check out bites.ksu.edu.
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